Saeed D. Manshadi and Mohammad E. Khodayar Journal Modern Power System Clean Energy Publication year: 2018 This paper presents an approach to determine the vulnerable components in the electricity and natural gas networks of an islanded microgrid that is exposed to deliberate disruptions. The vulnerable components in the microgrid are identified by solving a bi-level optimization problem. The objective of the upper-level problem (the attacker’s objective) is to maximize the